WHAT IS FAST-MOVING CONSUMER GOODS ?

          FMCG stands for fast-moving consumer goods which are also known as consumer packed goods(CPGs). These products have a short life period generally sold over a short period usually within a few days, weeks, & a few months. Although the profit margin of the manufacturer is low as comparatively. But they generally sold in large volumes, so cumulative profit is good.
       
           The success FMCG products largely depend on brand equity, marketing, distribution networks and understanding of consumer behavior.
     
            The growing awareness, easy access to products and changing lifestyles are considered the major factor for the growth of this sector.

      CHARACTERISTICS OF FMCG PRODUCTS:-
       1.From The Consumers Perspective
            -Mandatory use
            -Frequent purchase
            -Low cost
            -No, an effort to choose
            -Comes in a wide range
      2.From The Markets Perspective
            -Low margins
            -High distribution network needed
            

DETAILS ABOUT MUTUAL FUND

                   MUTUAL FUND       

DEFINITION:-

                  Mutual fund is a financial vehicle that enables investors to pool their money together into a mutual fund company which is managed by a professional fund manager. Mutual funds can invest in stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit &other market security. e.g- SBI large-cap mutual fund, HDFC small-cap mutual fund, Reliance Gilt security mutual fund, etc.

TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS:-        

   1.BASED ON INVESTMENT:

       A.EQUITY MUTUAL FUNDS; that means, these mutual fund companies can invest investors money in the stock market. These mutual funds further divided into

              a. Large-cap mutual funds, that means, these mutual fund companies can invest investors money to buy stocks of large market capitalization companies that have market capitalization fund above 75000cr.

              b.mid cap mutual funds, that means, these mutual fund companies can invest investors fund to buy stocks of middle-market capitalization companies that have market capitalization is 13000-75000cr.

              c.small cap mutual funds, that means, these mutual fund companies can invest investors money to buy stocks of Small market capitalization companies that have market capitalization is below 13000cr.
              d.sectoral mutual funds, that means, these mutual fund companies can invest investors money to buy stocks of a specific sector of businesses.eg:-SBI PHARMACEUTICAL MUTUAL FUND which is invested in different pharmaceutical companies.
               e.deversified equity mutual funds, that means, this mutual fund can invest investors money to buy stocks of different sectors & different market capitalization companies.eg:-RELIANCE DIVERSIFIED EQUITY MUTUAL FUND which is invested in the sector like finance, pharma, IT, real estate, etc and different market capitalization like large-cap, mid-cap, small-cap industries.
               f.dividend yield mutual funds, that means, this mutual fund can invest investors money in the companies which have financially stable, safe, consistent, low volatility, low liquidity and give regular interest to their shareholder. They can be given a monthly or quarterly purpose.
              g.equity linked saving schemes(ELSS), in this mutual fund the shareholder's money is locked for 3years & saves income tax up to 1.5lakh.
              h.thematic mutual fund, these funds are equity mutual fund that invests in stocks based on a particular theme.  Dissimilar sectoral funds, the thematically fund does not invest in just one sector. It invests in different sectors that are woven around a common theme.eg-SBI house operating fund is a thematic fund that invests in cement, construction comp  & paint companies.

        B.DEBT MUTUAL FUNDS; In this type of mutual fund investing income fixed income securities like bonds, treasury bill monthly income plans(MIPs), short term plans(STPs), liquid funds,  fixed monthly plans(FMPs) are some of the investment choices in debt funds. Debt funds are hoped at generating regular incomes for investors by investing in different securities. there are different category of debt mutual fund that invests in various securities, depending upon their investment policy.

                   a.gilt security mutual fund, this fund is a debt mutual fund which invests in fixed dividend-generating securities of both central government & state government. Government securities like treasury bills, treasury notes, treasury bonds, savings bonds, etc.
                  b.junk bond mutual funds, these mutual funds are debt funds which invested in junk bond securities . The junk bonds are issued by companies, at that time they need capital. The junk bond is a debt or promises to pay investors, interest payment and the return of invested principal in exchange for buying the bond.
                c.fixed maturity plans(FMPs), these are closed-ended mutual funds that invest in debt instruments like certificate of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds, etc.
                d.liquid funds, these funds are debt mutual fund schemes that invest in short-term debt securities like treasury bills, bank fixed deposits, commercial paper & other debt securities with maturities up to 90days.

         C.HYBRID MUTUAL FUNDS;

                   a.monthly income plan, these types of mutual fund companies can invest investor's money both in the debt market (60%money) & equity market(40%money).

                   b.balanced funds, these types of mutual fund companies can invest investor's money both in debt(50%) &equity(50%).

                    c.arbitrage funds, these types of mutual fund companies can invest investor's money both in debt(40%) & equity(60%).

       2.BASED ON STRUCTURE:

              On this basis, mutual funds are divided into three types such as, 

               A.Open-ended funds

               B.Interval funds

               C. Closed-ended funds

       3.BASED ON MANAGEMENT:

                 On this basis, mutual funds are divided into two categories such as, 

                A. Actively managed funds

                B. Passively managed funds

        4.OTHER TYPES:

                A.International funds

                B.Real estate funds

                C.Gold funds

           .    D.Exchange-traded funds.